Mono signs7/21/2023 ![]() In the present experience, cases with and without Hoagland sign did not significantly differ with respect to age and sex. Our results are supported by the seminal observations of Hoagland in 1952 : upper eyelid puffiness was found early in the course of illness in 2 out of 39 (3.6%) soldiers (likely predominantly males) with mononucleosis included in a retrospective case series and, subsequently in 19 out of 56 (34%) soldiers included in a prospective case series. The results of the present prospective experience point out that the Hoagland sign adds to the list of the common and characteristic features of mononucleosis and is likely more frequent than enlarged liver, enlarged spleen, jaundice or rash. Hence, early and rapid diagnosis is crucial. Furthermore, a leukemia or a lymphoma are occasionally suspected. ![]() The initial diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis (especially in throat carriers of this germ) or that of non-specific pharyngitis are often made. The presentation of mononucleosis may be heterogenous and, therefore, challenging. There is a need to expand awareness of this sign among physicians. The Hoagland sign is an easily identifiable clinical sign that is common and likely helpful early in the course of Epstein–Barr virus infectious mononucleosis. Patients with and without Hoagland sign did not significantly differ with respect to age and sex. The initial presentation included fever in 24, enlarged cervical lymph nodes in 23, pharyngitis in 21, a palpable liver in 7, a palpable spleen in 7, jaundice in 2, and a measles-like rash in 2 cases. Resultsĭuring the mentioned period, the diagnosis of mononucleosis was made in 26 (14 females and 12 males) subjects aged from 9.0 to 33 years. Methodsīetween 20, two of us evaluated all subjects with a positive acute Epstein–Barr virus serology for the typical signs of mononucleosis and for the possible existence of the Hoagland sign. This sign, referred to as Hoagland sign, is not or only marginally mentioned in reviews and textbooks. A painless bilateral swelling of the upper eyelid, sometimes with drooping of the lateral aspect, may also occur. doi:10.3892/ typical presentation of Epstein–Barr virus infectious mononucleosis includes fever, pharyngitis, measles-like rash, jaundice, and enlarged lymph nodes, liver, or spleen. Infectious mononucleosis and hepatic function. Patient education: Infectious mononucleosis (mono) in adults and adolescents (beyond the basics). Epstein-Barr virus and infectious mononucleosis.īalfour HH, Dunmire SK, Hogquist KA. Mononucleosis.Ĭenters for Disease Control and Prevention. ![]() 2014 2(2):94-97.Īmerican Academy of Family Physicians. EBV seroepidemiology in married and unmarried women and men in Iran. Pourahamad M, Hooshmand F, Olyaee Nezhad S, Sepidkar A. First days in the life of naive human b lymphocytes infected with epstein-barr virus. Pich D, Mrozek-Gorska P, Bouvet M, et al. Infectious mononucleosis.Ĭenters for Disease Control and Prevention. ![]() NIH launches clinical trial of Epstein-Barr virus vaccine.
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